Bushel is a volume measurement for grain created many years ago by Celtic peoples Scotland, Wales, Brittany, Ireland to facilitate fair grain trade. The bushel measurement was not defined in terms of cubic feet, but is currently considered to be about 1. Although grain is referred to in terms of bushels in the United States, it is referenced and traded on the basis of weight tons or metric tons throughout the rest of the world.
To facilitate the trading of grain, the USDA created weight standards for each grain so that grain could be weighed to determine the number of bushels rather than trying to make volume measurements. Corn was assigned a bushel weight of 56 pounds, while soybeans and wheat were assigned bushel weights of 60 pounds. Some other examples are: Rye at 56 pounds per bushel, barley at 48, oat and fescue at 32, etc.
When grain density is lower than the accepted standard low test weight , more volume is needed to store and transport a given weight of grain, thus increasing storage and transport costs.
Different grades of each grain have different standard test weights. For example, No. Test weight is determined on each load of grain sold by weighing a known volume of the grain. If the weight is lower than the acceptable range, the sale is "docked" on a percentage basis. The seller of grain with test weight greater than the acceptable range is usually not rewarded for a superior product.
Now, when I weigh the corn, cob and all, one cob weighs about grams. So is that 90g weight per serving suppose to include the cob or is that just for the corn? I really don't want to cut the corn off and measure it as I like eating it on the cob. But if the 90g does include the cob, then one of these cobs is a double serving by itself.
Traditionally, clams were measured in pecks and bushels. There are 4 pecks in a bushel. The weight of the peck or bushel of clams depends on the species, with a bushel of soft shell clams weighing in around 50 lbs, and a bushel of hard shell clams weighing about 60 lbs. Comparing the cargo capacity of the various components making up the transportation network is an interesting exercise to engage in. For a strictly apples-to-apples comparison, assume that each vehicle's cargo will be dried, shelled corn, which weighs 56 pounds per bushel.
To translate bushels into tons, you'd divide the weight-per-bushel into 2,; to translate bushels into metric tons, you'd divide into 2, How much does an ear of corn weigh?
The USDA uses a bushel as its official measuring unit for corn. A bushel of corn is 56 pounds. Using the standard dry-moisture rate of Therefore, the ideal weight of one ear of corn is 1. For ear corn, determine acreage harvested, total ear weight, and kernel moisture. Use Table 2 to find the pounds of ear corn required for a bushel of Add to this the 0. Thus, if 1, lb. The resulting weight of. Grain test weight in units of pounds per bushel. Weight per bushel and number of seed per pound of selected forage crops Forage Crop Approximate lb.
Approximate no. Alfalfa 60 , Alyce clover 60 , Alsike clover 60 , Annual lespedeza 25 , Annual ryegrass 24 , Arrowleaf clover 60 , Bahiagrass 46 , Ball clover 60 1,, Barley 48 14, The author does not say, but I suspect this simple formula is most applicable within a "normal" range of harvest moistures; up to moistures in the mid- to high 20's.
The table values are based on the premise that kernel damage itself lowers test weight to begin with and that further drying of damaged grain results in less of an increase in test weight that what occurs in undamaged grain. Compared to the results from using Hellevang's simple formula, adjustments to test weight using these tabular values tend to result in smaller adjustments to test weight for high moisture grain at harvest, but larger adjustments for drier grain at harvest.
Secondly , thirdly , and fourthly ; drought stress, late-season foliar leaf diseases primarily gray leaf spot and northern corn leaf blight , and below normal temperatures throughout September of all resulted in a significant deterioration of the crop's photosynthetic machinery beginning in early to mid-September that "pulled the rug out from beneath" the successful completion of the grain filling period in some fields; resulting in less than optimum starch deposition in the kernels.
Finally , ear rots diplodia, gibberella, etc. Kernel damage by these fungal pathogens results in light-weight, chaffy grain that also results in low test weight diseased grain, broken kernels, and excessive levels of foreign material.
This cause of low test weight grain obviously results in inferior if not toxic animal feed quality grain, unacceptable end-use processing consequences ethanol yield, DDGS quality, starch yield and quality, etc. Bern, Carl and Thomas Brumm. Grain Test Weight Deception. Bradley, Carl. The Bulletin, Univ of Illinois Extension.
Hall, Glenn and Lowell Hill. ASAE Hellevang, Kenneth. Grain Moisture Content Effects and Management. North Dakota State Univ. Hicks, D. Hill, Lowell D. Hurburgh, Charles and Roger Elmore. Typically, the rate of moisture content loss continues to decrease as temperatures cool and days get shorter. Corn maturing at the beginning of September is expected to dry down faster than corn maturing at the beginning of October.
After physiological maturity black layer , moisture content of the kernel is influenced by the atmosphere surrounding the kernel and physical characteristics of the ear and husks that influence the atmosphere surrounding the kernel. The moisture difference between the kernel itself and the surrounding air leads to moisture movement out of the kernel until an equilibrium is reached.
A year with wet weather and delays in planting may result in slower field drying of corn. Other factors may also come into play if harvest is delayed.
For example, corn could have developed a shallow root system because of the early-season moisture. In addition, conditions may have been conducive for the development of stalk rots and stalk cannibalization in corn. These factors could lead to higher than normal harvest losses because of an increased risk for stalk lodging in corn this fall. Germplasm Characteristics: Ear and husk characteristics of different corn germplasm can affect the rate of drydown. These characteristics have the largest effect when weather conditions are unfavorable for rapid grain drying:.
At this moisture level, kernels shell easily and stalks generally stand better, which can make harvesting more efficient. However, as corn dries down in the field there is greater potential for excess harvest losses from stalk lodging and ear drop.
Most harvest losses are mechanical, caused by kernel shattering or corn never getting into the combine. If stalk lodging or ear drop problems are observed, harvest timing will be more critical to maximize yield potential.
Time should be taken to watch crop condition in the field in an effort to balance field drydown with harvest loss. Corn quality issues in — moisture and test weight. Iowa State University Extension. Integrated Crop News. Methods for calculating corn yield. University of Wisconsin.
Field Crops Grain test weight deception. PMR
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